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Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
Prince William Augustus (26 April 1721 (HREF="http://www.kotoba.ne.jp/word/11/Old Style and New Style dates" TITLE="Old Style and New Style dates">N.S. ) – 31 October 1765), was the third and youngest son of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, and Duke of Cumberland from 1726. He is generally best remembered for his role in putting down the Jacobite Rising at the Battle of Culloden in 1746, which success made him immensely popular throughout Britain (for example, he received an honorary doctorate from the University of Glasgow).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=On This Day: 27th of June )〕〔Hannah Smith, 'Georgian Monarchy', Cambridge University Press, 2006〕 At present, however, he is regularly referred to by the nickname given to him by his English Tory opponents: "Butcher" Cumberland.〔〔MacDonald, Callum (27 December 2005) ("Butcher Cumberland among Britain's greatest villains" ). Glasgow. ''The Herald''. Retrieved 12 October 2013.〕 Despite Culloden, he had a largely unsuccessful military career, and following the Convention of Klosterzeven in 1757, he never held active military command, and switched his attentions to politics and horse racing.
==Early life==
William was born in Leicester House, in Leicester Fields (now Leicester Square), Westminster, London, where his parents had moved after his grandfather, George I, accepted the invitation to ascend the British throne.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Prince William, Duke of Cumberland )〕 His godparents included the King and Queen in Prussia (his paternal aunt), but they apparently did not take part in person and were presumably represented by proxy. On 27 July 1726, at only five years old, he was created Duke of Cumberland, Marquess of Berkhamstead in the County of Hertford, Earl of Kennington in the County of Surrey, Viscount of Trematon in the County of Cornwall, and Baron of the Isle of Alderney.
The young prince was educated well; his mother appointed Edmond Halley as a tutor.〔Van der Kiste, p. 46〕 Another of his tutors (and occasional proxy for him) was his mother's favourite Andrew Fountaine. At Hampton Court Palace, apartments were designed specially for him by William Kent.〔Thurley p. 279〕
William's elder brother Frederick, Prince of Wales, proposed dividing the king's dominions. Frederick would get Britain, while William would get Hanover. This proposal came to nothing.〔Van der Kiste, p. 150 (1736 plan suggested by Prince of Wales)〕
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